# The Full Reading List

> References — Home Peptides — The full, numbered reference list for every claim made across Home Peptides, covering BPC-157, NAD+, PT-141, and GHK-Cu.

**REFERENCES**

Every numbered citation used across this site, in one list.

## How to use this list

Every quantitative claim on this site is tagged with a bracketed number — [1], [2], and so on — that corresponds to an entry below. Each entry links to its source: a PubMed record, a DOI, or, where a study has no PMID, a direct publisher or regulatory-agency link. This list aggregates all citations across BPC-157, NAD+, PT-141, and GHK-Cu; each entry is also tagged with the compound it supports. Nothing here is presented as a dose or a use recommendation — only as the record of what was published, available for anyone who wants to read the source directly.

## References

[1] Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40131143/
[2] McGuire FP, et al. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40789979/
[3] He L, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1026182. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36588717/
[4] Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95:323-333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847966/
[5] Xue XC, et al. Protective effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10:1032-1037. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15052688/
[6] Vinten KT, Trętowicz MM, Coskun E, van Weeghel M, Cantó C, Zapata-Pérez R, Janssens GE, Houtkooper RH. NAD(+) precursor supplementation in human ageing: clinical evidence and challenges. Nat Metab. 2025;7:1974-1990. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41083806/
[7] Yi L, Maier AB, Tao R, Lin Z, Vaidya A, Pendse S, Thasma S, Andhalkar N, Avhad G, Kumbhar V. The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial. GeroScience 2023. 2023;45:29-43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36482258/
[8] Yoshino M, Yoshino J, Kayser BD, Patti GJ, Franczyk MP, Mills KF, Sindelar M, Pietka T, Patterson BW, Imai SI, Klein S. Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. Science. 2021;372:1224-1229. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33888596/
[9] Covarrubias AJ, et al. NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33353981/
[10] Conze D, Brenner C, Kruger CL. Safety and Metabolism of Long-term Administration of NIAGEN (Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride) in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of Healthy Overweight Adults. Sci Rep. 2019;9:9772. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31278280/
[11] Borland JM, Kohut-Jackson AL, Peyla AC, Hall MA, Mermelstein PG, Meisel RL. Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Neuropharmacology. 2025;267:110299. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39793696/
[12] Thurston L, Hunjan T, Mills EG, Wall MB, Ertl N, Phylactou M, Muzi B, Patel B, Alexander EC, Suladze S, Modi M, Eng PC, Bassett PA, Abbara A, Goldmeier D, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS. Melanocortin 4 receptor agonism enhances sexual brain processing in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. J Clin Invest. 2022;132(19):e152341. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36189794/
[13] Kingsberg SA, Clayton AH, Portman D, Williams LA, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Simon JA. Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):899-908. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599840/
[14] Simon JA, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, Williams LA, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Clayton AH. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):909-917. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599847/
[15] U.S. Food and Drug Administration / DailyMed. Bremelanotide Injection — US Prescribing Information (DailyMed/FDA). DailyMed (US FDA structured product label). 2019. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=8c9607a2-5b57-4a59-b159-cf196deebdd9
[16] Mortazavi SM, Mohammadi Vadoud SA, Moghimi HR. Topically applied GHK as an anti-wrinkle peptide: Advantages, problems and prospective. BioImpacts. 2025;15:30071. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11830136/
[17] Pickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018;19(7):1987. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6073405/
[18] Lee WJ, Sim HB, Jang YH, Lee SJ, Kim DW, Yim SH. Efficacy of a Complex of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Glycyl-Histidyl-Lysine Peptide on Hair Growth. Annals of Dermatology. 2016;28(4):438-443. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4969472/
[19] Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. BioMed Research International. 2015;2015:648108. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4508379/
[20] Hostynek JJ, Dreher F, Maibach HI. Human skin penetration of a copper tripeptide in vitro as a function of skin layer. Inflammation Research. 2011;60(1):79-86. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3016279/
[21] Pickart L. The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition. 2008;19(8):969-988. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18644225/
[22] Maquart FX, Pickart L, Laurent M, Gillery P, Monboisse JC, Borel JP. Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+. FEBS Letters. 1988;238(2):343-346. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3169264/

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